Scientists use genetic engineering to make virus-resistant grapevines
3 Jul 2009, 1508 Hrs

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Washington, July 3 Scientists are making certain plants resistant to the "Grapevine fanleaf virus" GFLV by genetic engineering.

Extremely hot or rainy periods can destroy entire crops, not to mention the wide variety of pests that can appear on the scene.

Bugs such as the vine louse or the rust mite, fungi such as mildew, or viruses such as the GFLV can give the vines a hard time. he GFLV infects the grapevine and causes fanleaf disease, resulting in deformed and very yellowed leaves, smaller grapes and crop loss.

Now, with the help of genetic engineering, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME in Aachen in Germany, are making certain plants resistant to GFLV.

"Our modified plants produce antibodies," explained Dr. Stefan Schillberg, head of department at the IME. "These antibodies 'recognize' the viruses and prevent them from spreading in the plant and causing damage," she added.

To enable the plant to produce the antibodies, the scientists have to modify its genotype and channel genetic information for the antibodies into it.

This task is performed by tiny helpers called agrobacteria, which genetic engineers have been using for over twenty years.

These are soil bacteria that inherently transfer parts of their own genome to that of the plant.

Using simple routine processes, the researchers introduce the antibody gene into the bacteria, which then act as a transport vehicle and carry it over to the vine.

The researchers are still testing this process on model plants, and the first results show that their modified versions are up to 100 percent resistant to the virus. "The antibody is produced very effectively inside the plants," said Schillberg. "The next step on the agenda is to test the method on actual grapevines and then to carry out field tests," he added. (ANI)

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