Washington, November 5 Istvan Szunyogh, Texas A and M professor of atmospheric sciences has been awarded a NASA grant to analyze and forecast Martian weather.

Mars is the most Earth-like planet we know, but it is still quite different. For example, it is much colder on Mars.

The south pole of the Earth is covered by water ice, but the south pole of Mars wears a dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide) cap.

In winter, the temperature at the poles can dip to -140 degrees Celsius, which is so cold that even carbon dioxide freezes.

"Planet-encircling Martian dust storms, which occur every two to four Mars years, can cover the whole planet with dust for months," said Szunyogh, who is working with colleagues from the University of Maryland and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Princeton, N.J., to forecast Martian weather.

"Martian weather forecasts, in the short term, can drastically increase the safety of landing robotic exploration missions," said colleague Mark Lemmon, a Texas A and M professor of atmospheric sciences who has led or participated in many Mars exploratory events.

"In the long run, it is indispensable for the safe returning of astronauts in future manned explorations," he added.

Weather forecasting is not tossing dice. It must build on solid data.

"All weather forecasts, including those on TV, are based on model forecasts of the different physical parameters of the Earth's atmosphere such as temperature, wind and pressure," said Szunyogh.

"The main goal of our project is to explore the possibility of obtaining accurate quantitative estimates of these parameters of the Martian atmosphere," he added.

"These parameters will be obtained from the available remotely sensed Martian observations. Then, the data can be fed into Mars global circulation models, producing Martian weather forecasts like what we have for Earth," he explained. (ANI)