Washington, Nov 13 With love comes jealousy, and even science endorses the belief. Researchers at the University of Haifa have found that the oxytocin hormone, known as the 'love hormone,' also affects antisocial behaviors, such as envy and gloating.

It has been shown that the oxytocin hormone has a positive effect on positive feelings.

The hormone is released in the body naturally during childbirth and when engaging in sexual relations.

"Subsequent to these findings, we assume that the hormone is an overall trigger for social sentiments: when the person's association is positive, oxytocin bolsters pro-social behaviors; when the association is negative, the hormone increases negative sentiments," explained Simone Shamay-Tsoory who carried out the research.

In an earlier experiment, participants who inhaled the synthetic form of the hormone displayed higher levels of altruistic feelings.

But in other rodent studies, it was found that the hormone is also related to higher levels of aggression, which made the researchers to examine whether the hormone also affects negative social sentiments.

In the present study, which included 56 participants, half of the people inhaled the synthetic form of the hormone in the first session and were given a placebo (a dummy drug) in the second session; the others were given a placebo in the first session and oxytocin in the second session.

Following drug administration each participant was asked to play a game of luck along with another competitor, who was in fact - and without their knowledge - a computer.

Each of the participants was asked to choose one of three doors and was awarded the sum of money that was hidden behind that door. Sometimes the participant gained less money than the other player, and sometimes more, creating conditions in which a person might well develop feelings of envy and gloating.

The findings show that those participants who inhaled the "hormone of love" displayed higher levels of envy when the opponent won more money and of gloating when they were ahead.

Interestingly, it was also found that as soon as the game was over, no differences between the participants were evident with regards to these sentiments.

This indicates that the negative feelings were empowered only in the course of the game itself.

"The results of the present study show that the hormone's undesirable effects on behavior must be examined before moving ahead," concluded Shamay-Tsoory.

The study was published in the journal Biological Psychiatry. (ANI)