Washington, Nov 13 A new cross-cultural study has shown that societal and technological changes do affect children's thinking skills.

Using previously collected data from the late 1970s, researchers at the University of California, Riverside, and Pitzer College looked at almost 200 children ages 3 to 9 in Belize, Kenya, Nepal, and American Samoa.

When the data were collected, these four communities differed in the availability of resources that are typically associated with modernity, such as having writing tablets and books, electricity, a home-based water supply, a radio and TV set, and a car.

The researchers found that kids in communities with more modern resources performed better in some areas of cognitive functioning, such as certain types of memory and pattern recognition, and they took part in more complex sequences of play.

The researchers note that these differences don't mean that children from more modern communities are more advanced intellectually; rather, the findings reflect the cognitive skills that are valued and promoted in the communities where the children live.

"Childhood is changing rapidly around the world," said Mary Gauvain, professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, and the study's lead author.

"Increased urbanization; massive shifts in economic, political, and social conditions; and changes in how we communicate have a significant impact on children's everyday lives. Better understanding of how intellectual development is shaped and directed by the forces of modernization can give us insights into the psychological consequences of globalization," Gauvain added.

The researchers chose to examine kids from 3 to 9 because they wanted to explore the shift in cognitive performance and social responsibility that occurs in most children between ages 5 and 7, regardless of where they live.

The study is published in the November/December 2009 issue of the journal Child Development. (ANI)